Passive Voice dan Conditional Sentences

Passive Voice

PENGERTIAN PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice adalah suatu Grammatical Construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb  (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

RUMUS PASSIVE VOICE

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini : 

Catatan:

Auxiliary verb dapat berupa Primary Auxiliary Verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan Modal Auxiliary Verb (will be, will have been); sedangkan past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive).

He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle)

sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Conditional Sentences

PENGERTIAN CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian, bisa juga disebut dengan kalimat bersyarat, yang mungkin terjadi jika syarat terpenuhi.

Conditional sentence mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu if-clause dan main clause. Lihat kalimat berikut:

“If I study hard, I will pass the exam.”
(Jika saya belajar dengan giat, saya akan lulus ujian.)

If I study hard adalah if-clause, dan

I will pass the exam adalah main clause.

POLA/RUMUS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Berikut adalah pola/rumus conditional sentence tipe 1, 2, dan 3:

Tipe conditional sentence	If-clause	Main Clause
Tipe 1	If+present simple If I study hard,	... will+infinitive I will pass the exam.
Tipe 2	If+past simple If I studied hard,	... would+infinitive I would pass the exam.
Tipe 3	If+past perfect If I had studied hard,	... would+have+past participle I would have passed the exam.

Posisi if-clause dan main clause tersebut dapat dibalik dan tidak mengubah maknanya, contoh:

“If I study hard, I will pass the exam.”
“I will pass the exam if I study hard.”

PENJELASAN LENGKAP 3 TIPE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TIPE 1

Conditional sentence tipe 1 digunakan untuk merujuk pada hal-hal yang mungkin terjadi di masa depan dimana situasinya real/nyata. Pada tipe ini, jika syarat terpenuhi, maka kemungkinan masih bisa terjadi.

Beberapa contoh conditional sentence tipe 1:

If-clause	Main clause
If+present simple	... will+infinitive
If it rains,	I will stay at home.
If you invite me,	I will come to your party,
If he gives her chocolate,	she will be happy.
If it doesn't rain,	we will go to the library.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TIPE 2

Conditional sentence tipe 2 digunakan untuk: pertama, membicarakan hal-hal di masa depan yang mungkin tidak akan terjadi (seperti membayangkan mimpi misalnya).

Contoh:

If I got scholarship, I would continue my study in London.
(but probably I will not get the scholarship.)

Seandainya saya mendapatkan beasiswa, saya akan melanjutkan kuliah di London.
(tapi mungkin saya tidak mendapatkan beasiswa itu.)

Kedua, untuk membicarakan hal-hal yang terjadi di masa sekarang, yang mustahil terjadi.

If I were you, I would stop smoking.
(but I cannot be you.) Mustahil bagi saya untuk menjadi kamu.

Berikut adalah contoh conditional sentence tipe 2:

If-clause	Main clause
If+past simple	... would+infinitive
If I had time,	I would go with you.
If she met her mother,	She would be happy.
If I were 25,	I would get married.
If I were you,	I would continue my study.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TIPE 3

Conditional sentence tipe 3 digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi masa lalu yang tidak terjadi dan membayangkan hasil dari situasi tersebut. Tipe ini mengungkapkan kebalikan dari fakta yang dihadapi.

Lihat contoh berikut:

If I had finished my study, I would have worked at big company.
(but I didn’t finish my study and I didn’t work at big company.)

Jika dulu saya menyelesaikan kuliah saya, saya akan bekerja di perusahaan besar.
Tapi faktanya saya tidak menyelesaikan kuliah saya, dan saya tidak bekerja di perusahaan besar.

Contoh lain dari conditional sentence tipe 3:

If-clause	Main clause
If+past perfect	... would+have+past participle
If I had locked the car,	the thief would not have stolen my car.
If I had known about your problem,	I would have offered help.
If my parents had been in Bandung,	I would have visited them everyday.
If she hadn't taken the course,	she wouldn't have gotten the scholarship.

If she hadn’t taken the course, she wouldn’t have gotten the scholarship.
(but she took the course and she got the scholarship.)

Jika dulu dia tidak mengambil kursus, dia tidak akan mendapatkan beasiswa itu. Tapi faktanya dia mengambil kursus itu dan mendapatkan beasiswa.

Perhatikan!!! Pada conditional sentence tipe 3, had bisa ditempatkan di awal dengan menghilangkan if, atau disebut sebagai bentuk inversi.

If I had locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.

Had I locked the car, the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.

Contoh lain:

If my parents had been in Bandung, I would have visited them everyday.

Had my parents been in Bandung, I would have visited them everyday.

SUMBER :

http://kelasbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-lengkap-3-tipe-conditional-sentences/#

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice

https://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/passive-voice/

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Verbs as Complements, Affirmative Agreement And Negative Agreement

How to use Verbs as Complements

1) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:

VERB + GERUND (VERB-ING)

admit         delay        miss         regret       risk
appreciate deny postpone    report suggest
avoid         enjoy practice         resent
can’t help finish quit                 resist
consider         mind recall        resume

The sentence construction would be as follows:
SUBJECT+ VERB+ GERUND+ COMPLEMENT+ MODIFIER

Examples:
I enjoy studying English at the CBA.
He considered traveling to Europe for the summer, but he doesn’t have enough funds.

2) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:

VERB+ INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

agree expect intend prepare try
attempt fail         learn pretend want
claim forget mean propose wish
decide have need refuse
demand hesitate offer seem
desire hope plan tend

Examples:
I decided to refuse the invitation.
He pretended to be someone else.
She forgot to bring her keys.

 3) With the following Verbs the Sentence doesn’t change meaning if you use the gerund (ing) or the infinitive

begin        continue
like                 prefer
can’t stand start
love hate

VERB+ GERUND (VERB-ING)

  or

VERB+ INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

 4) With the following Verbs the Sentence has Different Meaning
 Stop
Remember
Forget

VERB+ GERUND (VERB-ING) – Means forever

Example:
She stopped studying Engineering when she got pregnant.
Meaning she won’t study Engineering any more.  She stopped studying forever.

or

VERB+ INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

 Example:
She stopped to study English when I called her.
Meaning that she will continue to study after her break.


5) Use of prepositions with the -Ing Form

VERB+ PREPOSITION+ VERB-ING

List of Prepositions that use this construction:

as a result of from                 in view of         thanks to
at                 in                          of                         through
because of in exchange for on account of     with
by means of in return for         on the strength of without
by virtue of in spite of         out of
for fear of in the face of         owing to
for lack of in the light of
for want of

 EXCEPTION:  But, except
.
Example:
He hid the wallet, for fear of being stolen.
She was really famous, as a result of acting as Mary in the Jesus Christ film.
Courage in the Face of Eviction Nightmare

6) Use of Adjectives with the infinitive form

ADJECTIVES + INFINITIVE

Construction:

VERB+ ADJECTIVE+ TO VERB

List of adjectives that use this construction:

able                 dangerous good        ready
anxious         difficult      hard           strange
boring         eager         pleased        usual
common   easy           prepared

 Examples:
I’m pleased to meet you
It’s difficult to understand some people.
I’m prepared to take this test.
Rafael is eager to meet you.

7) Use a Pronoun before the Infinitive form 

Certain verbs require the following construction:
SUBJECT+ VERB+ PRONOUN+ TO VERB

Allow Ask
Beg                 Convince Expect
Instruct          Invite Order
Permit         Persuade Prepare
Promise          Remind Urge
Want

The pronouns to be used are object pronouns: ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM.

 Example:
He orders her to study for the test.
My mother promised me to take me to the mall.
Rahima convinced him to purchase an expensive purse.

8) Use the -ing (gerung) form of a verb after the possessive form.

SUBJECT+ VERB+ POSSESSIVE FORM+ VERB-ING

Possessive form: MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, YOURS, OURS, THEM, MY, YOU , HIS HER, ITS, YOURS,  THEIR.

Example:
I understand her feeling.

9) Use of the verb need with different nouns (living and things) 

With living things use need and the infinitive form of the verb.
LIVING THING+ NEED+ INFINITIVE

George needs to work out more often.
THING+ NEED+ GERUND (ING)TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE

The blender needs to be repaired.
The blanket needs to be cleaned.

10) Use of subjunctives

SUBJECT+ VERB+ THAT+ SUBJECT+ VERB WORD + ….+

Joe prefers that she speak with him personally.

VERBS WITH THAT:
Advice Ask
Command
Decree
DemandDesire
Insist
MoveOrder
Prefer
RecommendRequest
Require
StipulateSuggest
Urge


NOUNS WITH THAT:
Recommendation
Requirement
Suggestion

ADJECTIVES WITH THAT

IT+ BE+ ADJECTIVE+ THAT+ SUBJECT+ VERB WORD


Advised Imperative
Important
MandatoryNecessary
Obligatory
ProposedRecommended
Require
SuggestedUrgent

Affirmative Agreement

Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata“so” atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so”dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:

Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari“to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and +	Subject + to be + too
	So + to be + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya: 
Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.
I am sick, and He is too.
Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:

He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

Affirmative statement + and +        (auxiliary verb)	Subject + auxiliary verb only +too
	So + auxiliary verb only + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya: 
They will go at noon, and she will too.
He has an early appointment, and so have I.
They have written their lyrics, and so have we.
Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.
I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tensesnya harus sama. Contohnya:

We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.

Contoh kalimat lainnya: 
We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Negative Agreement

“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata“Either” dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja). Contohnya:

I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and +	Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
	Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya: 
The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.
we can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.
You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

Referensi :

http://www.english4dummies.com/verbs-as-complements/

http://azharibrianaristya.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/affirmative-agreement-and-negative.html

http://nikenwp.blogspot.co.id/2015/04/verb-as-complement.html

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CV

CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Personal Details

 Name                            : Aulia Fajrina                                    

 Date of Birth                 : Desember 31st, 1996

 Religion                        : Islam

 Nationality                    : Indonesia

 Marital Status               : Single

 Address                         : Hutama Karya street, Tangerang Selatan

 Phone Number              : 0896xxxxxxxx

 E-mail                           : aulyafajrina@gmail.com

2. Personality

Good attitude, Discipline, Friendly, Communicative, Humble, Hard worker, and Responsible.

3. Education Details

 2004 – 2009               : State Elementary School Tanjungpinang

 2009 – 2012               : State Junior High School Tanjungpinang

 2012 – 2015               : State Senior High School Tanjungpinang

 2015 – now                : Accounting, Gunadarma University

4. Organization Experiences

 2011 – 2012   : Member of Scout Junior High School Tanjungpinang

 2012 – 2014   : Member of School Security Guards Senior High School Tanjungpinang

5. Skills

 Computer literate         : Microsoft Office (Word, Power Point)

 Language Skills           : Bahasa Indonesia, English

 Internet literate

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APPLICATION LETTER

Hutama Karya St.

Tangerang Selatan 15313

December 31st, 2018

The Head Librarian of Gunadarma University

Kelapa Dua St.

Depok 16451

Respectly,      

Your announcement in wall magazine of Gunadarma University was attractive because i believe i can occupies that position.

I am Aulia Fajrina, and i’m 21 years old. I am an Economics student majoring in Accounting semester 5. I have a very good skill at operating computer.

For your further information, i enclose herewith my Curriculum Vitae, a summary of values and a recent photograph of mine.

I would be very happy if you given a chance interview at your convenient times.

Thanks for your attention and your consideration.

Respect me,

Aulia Fajrina

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Untuk Kamu .......

Hai kamu..

Teman dekatku selama 1 tahun...
Teman curhat setiap hari
Teman ngobrol setiap waktu
Tempat paling nyaman jika benar benar lelah seharian beraktivitas

Yang aku ga bakal pernah ragu untuk ngetik "Kamu lagi ngapain?" duluan...
Yang aku ga bakal takut untuk menekan tanda Telefon di Hp ku
Yang aku ga pernah sungkan untuk cerita panjang lebar dari mulai malam hingga pagi tiba
Yang aku ga pernah grogi untuk memanggil nama kamu

Kamu yang selalu mendengar keluh kesahku
Kamu yang rela mendengar ocehan ku berjam jam melalui telefon
Kamu yang rela membalas semua pesan yang aku kirimkan
Kamu yang rela waktunya di pakai hanya untuk bicara hal yang tak selalu penting

Hanya obrolan ringan sepanjang malam
Hanya sepenggal kata manis setiap hari
Hanya sedikit waktu dari 24 jam waktu mu
Hanya sebait doa tiap hari sebelum saling terlelap

Kamu sudah bosan ya?
Kamu sudah capek ya?
Kamu sudah letih ya?
Kamu sudah siapin alasan apa?

Kalau belum, kenapa nyerah?
Kalau belum, kenapa udahan?
Kalau belum, kenapa diam saja?
Kalau belum, kenapa kamu pergi?

Kamu bilang kamu setia
Kamu bilang kamu selalu ada
Kamu bilang kamu gak akan bosan
Kamu bilang kamu gak akan pernah pergi

Tapi ternyata?
Kamu nyerah
Kamu Bosan
Dan Kamu Pergi

Mungkin aku yang jahat. Iya terlalu sering mengambil waktu main game mu
Mungkin aku yang egois. Iya selalu memaksa kamu tidur saat matahari muncul
Mungkin aku yang tidak baik. Iya sering menyuruhmu membalas semua pesan dariku
Mungkin aku yang begitu, atau mungkin saja tidak ada yang salah

Mungkin saja memang sifatmu selalu begitu
Mungkin saja memang watakmu yang tak bisa di ubah
Mungkin saja memang kamu tak suka hal seperti itu
Mungkin saja memang semua ini kesalahanmu dari awal

Kesalahan karena memulai terlalu cepat
Kesalahan karena terlalu mengIYAkan segala permintaanku
Kesalahan karena sering tanpa sengaja mengangkat telfon dan membalas pesan pesan ku
Atau, Kesalahanmu karena memilihku dari awal?

Sekarang semua sudah tak lagi sama
Sekarang semua sudah berubah
Sekarang semua sudah usai
Sekarang semua sudah kembali seperti awal saat kita tak saling mengenal

Terimakasih pernah memperdengarkan renyah tawa mu tiap malam
Terimakasih pernah membalas semua pesan singkatku setiap hari tanpa jemu
Terimakasih pernah menajdi penyemangatku setiap bangun tidur
Terimakasih... Aku senang pernah berkenalan dengan kamu

Nb: Foto diambil dari Google

Aulia Fajrina

Senin, 19/06/2017

Pukul 22:40

Tangerang Selatan

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